RESEARCH ARTICLE
Analysis of Turbulence Profiles from Three Tall Towers: Departure from Similarity Theory in Near-Neutral and Stable Conditions
Brent M. Bowen*
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2008Volume: 2
First Page: 106
Last Page: 116
Publisher Id: TOASCJ-2-106
DOI: 10.2174/1874282300802010106
Article History:
Received Date: 27/3/2008Revision Received Date: 15/4/2008
Acceptance Date: 2/5/2008
Electronic publication date: 24/6/2008
Collection year: 2008
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Long-term wind and turbulence profiles were analyzed for all stability conditions at three tall, multi-level towers located at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Rocky Flats Environmental Plant (RF), and the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO). The LANL and RF sites are located in complex terrain and the BAO is located over relatively simple terrain, but within 3 to 5 km of an abrupt 20 to 30 m increase in terrain. Results indicate that normalized turbulence parameter profiles at all three sites agree well with widely used empirical relationships during unstable conditions.
During near neutral conditions, σu parameter profiles are also well behaved at all three sites while σw increases with height for complex fetch (BAO downwind of bluff, LANL, and RF) while σw remains nearly constant up to 200 m AGL at BAO with simple fetch. The σw /u* values at 10-m AGL are close to one at all sites and they increase by an order of 50% in the lowest 60 to 200 m for complex fetch and remain approximately constant in the lowest 200 m with simple fetch.
During very stable conditions, typical values of σu and σ v range between 0.4 to 0.6 ms-1 and increase slightly with height while median σw values nearly double from about 0.1 to 0.2 ms-1 between the 10- and 100 to 200-m levels. A comparison of predicted with measured u* values at two of the sites shows generally good agreement over 6 stability categories. It is suggested that M-O similarity theory will usually greatly underestimate vertical diffusivity and dispersion during very stable conditions, especially at larger heights, based on idealized Kz profiles calculated from measured σw values. Finally, rules of thumb are formulated to describe departure from similarity theory during near-neutral and stable conditions.